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There are numerous data carriers which are commonly called 'barcodes'.
The GS1 System provides a set of data carriers, which correspond to specific market needs. For example, in the retail market the omnidirectional readability of barcodes has been a strong criterion of selection : therefore data carriers like EAN-13 (and UPC in North America) have been preferred to carry product identification.
In the healthcare sector, where traceability is considered to be a central need and more important than omnidirectional readability, data carriers like GS1-128, RSS and composite and more recently Datamatrix have been defined for the transport of the item number (GTIN).
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